Comprehensive review and prospect of acupuncture and moxibustion discipline: a review of Discipline History of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in China / 中国针灸

After reviewing and evaluating the Discipline History of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in China, the authors concludes that this book has the following characteristics: the scientific research focuses on the combination of internal and external history, and the conclusions are rigorous; the narrative style and structure featured by the division of discipline history of ancient times, modern times and current times are quite characteristic and enlightening; the reference materials are detailed and advanced, which showes profound thoughts and concerns about the difficulties and challenges faced by the development of acupuncture and moxibustion discipline and the internal path selection of acupuncture and moxibustion research. In addition, this book discusses the unique importance of the cultural attribute behind acupuncture and moxibustion technology in the process of theoretical research of acupuncture and moxibustion.

The safety and effi cacy of epicardial ventricular restoration in patients with antero-septal scar and dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of epicardial ventricular restoration (EVR) using REVIVENT system in patients with antero-septal scar and dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods Ten ischemic heart patients with antero-septal scar underwent the operation. The scarred lateral left ventricular wall was apposed to the septal scar with serial paired anchors placed through epicardial transmural excluding the non-viable portions of the chamber. Left ventricular hemodynamic assessments as well as left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-systolic/diastolic volume (LVEDV/LVESV) and their indexes (LVEDVI/LVESVI) were measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Results Ten ischemic heart failure patients with antero-septal scar, aged(55.2±13.9)years, received a hybrid epicardial ventricular restoration. Cardiac MR done at one a month after the procedure showed an elevation of LVEF from(27.8±4.6%)to(37.5±11.4)% (+35%, P<0.01). LVESV was significantly reduced from(149.9±61.6) ml to(109.9±58.0)ml (–26.7%, P<0.01), LVESVI was reduced from(84.8±36.7)ml/m2to(63.0±34.2) ml/m2(reduced by 25.7%, P<0.01); LVEDV was reduced from(203.0±64.0)ml to(167.9±58.2)ml (reduced by 17.3%, P<0.01), and LVESV was reduced from(114.5±37.8)ml/m2to(96.2±35.2)ml/m2(reduced by 16.0%, P<0.01). Cardiac output (CO) increased from(4.0±1.5)L/min to(4.8±1.2)L/min(increased by 20.0%, P=0.034) and cardiac index (CI) increased from(2.2±0.7)L/(min ? m2) to(2.7±0.7)L/(min ? m2) (increased by 22.4%, P=0.023). Conclusions Our preliminary experience on EVR using the REVIVENT system demonstrated signifi cant increase in LVEF, CO and CI, with decreases in LVEDV/LVESV at 1 month following the procedure. Its feasibility and safety need further evaluation in the future.

Plumbagin influences the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines by down-regulation of FoxM1 expression / 药学学报

Plumbagin (Plumbago zeylanica L.) has a wide spectrum of anticancer activity with a relatively lower toxicity. The molecular mechanisms of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by plumbagin on esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines may be important for the structure modification and clinical application of plumbagin. After treatment of KYSE-30, KYSE-70 and KYSE-140 cells with 0-20 μmol·L-1 of plumbagin for 24, 48, 72 h, CCK8 was used to examine the proliferation, Annexin V and PI immunofluorescence staining for apoptosis, real-time PCR and Western blot for FoxM1 mRNA and protein expression, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay for the transcriptional activity of FoxM1, respectively. In addition, the relationship between anti- tumor effect of plumbagin and FoxM1 was investigated in vivo. Plumbagin significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, plumbagin down-regulated the expression of FoxM1 through suppression of its gene transcription. Our findings suggest that plumbagin may inhibit the proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell in vivo and in vitro through down-regulating the expression of FoxM1.

Clinical application of tibial composite saphenous nervetissue flap for the treatment of traumatic bone-skin defect of leg / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of tibial composite saphenous nerve tissue flap in repairing traumatic bone-skin defect of leg.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2009 to May 2015, 23 patients with focile skin defect caused by trauma were treated, including 18 males and 5 females, aged from 8 to 59 years old with an average age of 35.6 years old. Length of tibia bone cortex defect ranged from 4 to 12 cm, width ranged from 2 to 2.5cm, skin defect ranged from 8 cm× 3 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm, all the wound surfaces had purulent exudation. Cross shift and ipsilateral shift methods of tibial composite saphenous nerve tissue flap were used to reconstruct continuity of the injured limb tibial brace and repair wound surface. Cutting flap ranged from 9 cm× 4 cm to 20 cm × 12 cm, bone flap length was 6 to 15 cm, width was 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Fracture healing time and recovery of limb function were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 3 to 5 months after operation, bone flap and area of affected area were healed with an average of 4.7 months. Twenty-three cases were followed up for 6 months to 5 years with an average of 30.3 months. Thirteen patients were able to walk without abnormal gait and could be engaged into original work. According to Enneking evaluation systems, 13 patients obtained excellent results, 8 moderate and 2 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With tibial composite saphenous nerve tissue flap transplantation at stage one to repair tibia and skin defects according to specific condition of affected limbs has a high rate of success and creates less damage to region of limb injury, which is an ideal method to repair skin defect of focile.</p>

Danhong injection, ligustrazine injection, combined adsorbable biomembranes prevented adhesion of tendons after the repair operation: a clinical research / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect and the mechanism of Danhong Injection (DI), Ligustrazine Injection (LI), and adsorbable biomembranes in preventing the adhesion of tendons and tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 120 patients all suffering from simple flexor digitorum tendon rupture on the hand zone two damaged by sharp weapons were randomly assigned to Group A (Dikang adsorbable biomembrane), Group B (Tianxinfu adsorbable biomembrane), Group C (Tianxinfu adsorbable biomembrane + Ligustrazine group), and Group D (Tianxinfu adsorbable biomembrane + DI group) in accordance with random digit table, 30 cases in each group. Indicators such as total active movement (TAM) of the hand tendon, Minnesota manual dexterity test (MMDT), and finger flex strength test (FFST) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The TAM and the favorable rate were higher in Group C and D than in Group A and B at post-operative 4 and 8 week (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference between Group C and D (P > 0.05). Each index of MMDT was lower in Group C and D than in Group A and B (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in FFST among all the 4 groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combined application of LI or DI with Tianxinfu adsorbable biomembranes could effectively prevent the adhesion of tendons. DI showed equivalent effect as LI did. Besides, the combined application was superior in preventing adhesion to using Xintianfu adsorbable biomembrane or Dikan adsorbable biomembrane alone.</p>

Perioperative intervention of tetramethylpyrazine on free skin flap transplantation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impacts of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) intervention on hemorheology and blood coagulation before and after free skin flap transplantation, in order to provide new clues of applying Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation and removing stasis in microsurgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients undergoing free skin flap transplantation were randomly and equally assigned to two groups, the treatment group administered with tetramethylpyrazine, the control group with low molecular dextran, both were treated for 7 days. The survival rate of transplanted flap, hemorrheologic parameters and four blood coagulation associated indices (prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated prothrombin time and fibrinogen) were detected before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparisons of clinical efficacy and hemorrheologic indices showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but TMP showed less impacts on the four blood coagulation associated indices at the 24, 48 and 72 h after operation (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TMP could prevent blood vessel crisis after free skin flap transplantation, so it is valuable in microsurgical clinical application.</p>

Study on the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Inner Mongolia / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to better understand the epidemiological features of Hantviruses in Inner Mongolia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological surveillance data during the period of the past 52 years were analyzed. An epidemiological survey was carried out in the main epidemic areas in 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 8310 hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases were reported in Inner Mongolia from 1955 to 2006, and distributed in 61 counties. HFRS cases were mainly distributed in the east part of Inner Mongolia before 1990. However, HFRS cases had occurred in the middle and western parts since 1990. Hulunbeier prefecture, from the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, had been the most severe area being hit by HERS since the first outbreak in 1955, with 7369 cases reported over the past 52 years, and accounted for 88.68% of the total cases in the whole autonomous region. Although no HFRS cases had been reported before 1999 in Bayannaoer which located in the western part of Inner Mongolia, a total of 95 cases were reported in 2005. Hantavirus antigens had been detected in 11 species of rodents so far,including Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Mus Musculus, Cricetulus barabensis, meriones meridianus, Microtus maximowiczii , Clethrionomys rutilus, Apodemus peninsulae, Phodopus roborvskii, Dipus sagitta and Allactaga sibirica.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results suggested that the epidemics might remain at a relatively high level in the years to come in Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, there might be other types of Hantaviruses in addition to the already identified Seoul viral type in this area.</p>

Effect of TTRAP expression on apoptosis induced by hydroquinone in HL-60 cells in vitro / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of TTRAP expression on apoptosis induced by hydroquinone in HL-60 cells in vitro, and explore the relationship between TTRAP expression and the apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Apoptotic and necrotic rate was examined by flow cytometer with Anti-AnnexinV/FITC Plus PI staining. The mRNA expression of TTRAP was detected by RT-PCR. The differences in different treated groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After different concentrations of hydroquinone to the cells for 0, 4, 8, 12 h culture, were added, the cell apoptotic rate in different concentrations of hydroquinone groups was significantly higher than that in blank control groups. The optimal concentration of hydroquinone was 200 micromol/L, lasting for 8 h. When it was 250 micromol/L, the necrotic rate increased significantly. The apoptosis induced by hydroquinone was associated with the culture time at the concentration of 200 micromol/L, and the peak apoptotic time was 8 h. Then the apoptotic rate decreased and necrotic rate increased. Furthermore, with the concentrations of hydroquinone increased and time lasted for 8 h, the apoptotic rate of cells increased, the amount of TTRAP expression in the mRNA level also increased accordingly. When the concentrations of hydroquinone was above 250 micromol/L, necrotic rate increased sharply, and the amount of TTRAP expression decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydroquinone could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells. The up-regulation of TTRAP expression may promote hydroquinone to induce HL-60 cells to go into apoptosis in vitro with dose-effect and time-effect relationship.</p>

Epidemiologic study on the relationship between smoking and sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate how smoking was affecting the prevalence of sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) among adults aged over 30 years in Chengde city of Hebei province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1168 subjects, over 30 years of age were derived from a random sample from a community-based population in Shuangqiao district of Chengde city. All subjects responded to a questionnaire at their own houses regarding their habits of snoring and smoking. 1168 subjects (95.2%) answered the questions satisfactorily.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Among the smoking groups, the prevalence of snoring was 69.09%, higher than that in the nonsmoking groups 45.07% (P = 0.000). (2) In males, the smoking group had a higher prevalence (69.72%) of snoring than in the nonsmoking group (60.80%, P = 0.033). (3) Females in the smoking group had a higher prevalence of snoring (61.80%) than in the nonsmoking group (39.70%, P = 0.011). (4) The prevalence of snoring in males (60.80%) was significantly higher than that in females (39.70%, P = 0.000). (5) The prevalence (69.72%) of snoring in smoking males was similar to that in smoking females (61.80%, P = 0.336). (6) Data from logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking was one of the factors affecting snoring. (7) According to the degree of snoring, 127 moderate and severe snorers were measured by portable PSG for a whole night and the prevalence of SAHS was estimated. According to the AHI > or = 5 and the ESS > or = 9 cutoff-points, the prevalence rates of SAHS in smoking groups were both significantly higher than that in nonsmoking groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Smoking and snoring among adults aged over 30 years had correlation in our city.</p>

Protective effect of tert-butylhydroquinone on bone marrow cells in rats from cytotoxicity induced by benzene in vitro / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of tert-butylhydroquinone on bone marrow cells in rats from cytotoxicity induced by benzene in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bone marrow cells in rats were divided into two groups randomizedly. Cells of the control group were stimulated by 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mmol/L benzene for 2, 4, 6 hours respectively. Cells of the tBHQ-pretreated group were treated by 100 micromol/L tBHQ for 12 hours followed by the same conditions as the control group. The DNA damage was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) and cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The activities of NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in bone marrow cells of rats were also measured before benzene treatment in two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In control group, the DNA damage and the apoptosis of bone marrow cells was increased with the growing concentration and time of benzene treatment. The DNA migration and the lengths of DNA migration of the bone marrow cells in the rats under 5, 10, 15, 20 mmol/L benzene treatment in the tBHQ-pretreated group were significantly lower than those in control group at the same time point (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of the bone marrow cells in the rats stimulated by 15, 20 mmol/L benzene for 2 hours and 10, 15, 20 mmol/L benzene for 4 hours as well as 5, 10, 15, 20 mmol/L benzene for 6 hours were also significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). The activities of NQO1 in the bone marrow cells in the rats were increased after tBHQ treatment (P < 0.01) (1.62 +/- 0.16 min(-1).mg(-1) vs. the control group: 0.95 +/- 0.08 min(-1).mg(-1)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The benzene can induce the DNA damage and the apoptosis of bone marrow cells in rats in a time dependent and dose dependent manner to some extent. The tBHQ can protect the bone marrow cells in rats from the cytotoxicity induced by benzene, which can be partly explained by the increase of the NQO1 activity induced by tBHQ.</p>

Detection of apoptosis genes differentially expressed in patients with different degrees of benzene poisoning by cDNA microarray / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differential expression of apoptosis genes in patients with different degrees of benzene poisoning by cDNA microarray.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated from seven patients with benzene poisoning of different degrees (suspected 1 case, moderate 2, severe 2), and seven age and sex matched normal control subjects. Total RNA was extracted and purified, followed by reverse transcription to cDNAs with concomitant incorporation of fluorescent dCTP (Cy3 or Cy5). Then 177 genes associated with cell apoptosis were hybridized against the cDNAs probes in microarray. Fluorescent signals were scanned to detect apoptosis genes differentially expressed in patients and normal subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty one genes were found to be differentially expressed between benzene-poisoned patients and normal controls; among the 41 genes, three were up-regulated among patients with mild to moderate degrees of benzene poisoning and one up-regulated among all patients. The total amount of differentially expressed genes of apoptosis decreased with the aggravation of benzene poisoning.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Differential expression of apoptosis genes was found in patients with benzene poisoning, suggesting a role of altered apoptosis in benzene-induced hematotoxicity.</p>

Analysis on tumor related gene expression profiles in benzene poisoning using cDNA microarray / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect target genes for further study by way of analyzing the gene expression profiles of benzene poisoning by using cDNA microarray.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated from seven patients with benzene poisoning of different degrees, and sevene age-and sex-matched normal subjects. Total RNA was extracted and purified, followed by revese transcription to cDNAs with concomitant incorporation of fluorescent dCTP (Cy3 or Cy5). The cDNAs were used as probes in microarray of 2780 cloned cDNA. Fluorescent signals were scanned to detect genes differentially expressed in patients and normal subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 7 pieces of cDNA microarray of 2780 tumour related genes, the expression of 16 genes, such as GRO1, TGFBR3, LYN ctc was upregulated, whereas the expression of 28 genes, such as FOSB, DJ-1, MCT-1 etc was down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abnormal expression of tumour related genes of patients exposed to benzene suggests that they may be the key genes, which play important role in benzene-induced leucocythemia. cDNA microarray technique is useful to indicate the expression mode of benzene poisoning tumour related genes, and to find rapidly and effectively new research object and the way of gene therapy.</p>